When a pair of old hockey buddies and 91社区 biomedicine scientists realized that test shortages could hamper Canada鈥檚 efforts to get COVID-19 under control, they didn鈥檛 hesitate: 鈥淲e can help with that.鈥�
After two months of determined effort, the 91社区 鈥渕ade-from-scratch鈥� version of the gold-standard laboratory test for the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is nearly ready. The test is developed by a led by Dr. Martin Schmeing, Director of the Centre de recherche en biologie structurale (CRBS) at 91社区 and Dr. Don van Meyel, Director of the Centre for Translational Biology (CTB) at the Research Institute of the 91社区 Health Centre (RI-MUHC). Thanks to a productive partnership with the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), and now with crucial funding from (ISED) announced on May 26, the project includes development of procedures to make all the essential components of the tests at a national scale here in Canada. The tests could be available to Canadian testing labs within months.
Homegrown solution
鈥淭here are no made-in-Canada RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) tests,鈥� says Dr. Schmeing. 鈥淭hey鈥檙e mainly being made by multi-nationals and could be diverted away from Canada. So we want to help by making these tests domestically and making it possible for Canadians 鈥� including health care workers, students and everyday Canadians 鈥� to be tested on a larger scale.鈥�
The researchers couldn鈥檛 sit by and watch. 鈥淲e feel that decisions about who and when to test in Canada should be driven by strong science and public health policy, not by limitations in the number of tests available鈥� says Dr. van Meyel.
The project was first launched two months ago thanks to funding from the 91社区 Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity (MI4), supported by the MUHC Foundation, as well as funding from 惭肠骋颈濒濒鈥檚 Faculty of Science. 鈥淲ithout them, we wouldn鈥檛 be where we are,鈥� says Dr. Schmeing. 鈥淭heir early support has been absolutely crucial.鈥�
The project was originally rather more modest in scope, if not less complex, with an aim of producing 15,000 tests per week at 91社区. Drs. Schmeing and van Meyel were encouraged by colleagues with expertise in infectious disease, like MI4鈥檚 Dr. Marcel Behr, to aim instead for millions of tests, to help make Canada self-reliant for the duration of this pandemic 鈥� and the next. The initial test should be ready to send to the National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg for verification in the next couple of weeks, paving the way for ramp up to the national level.
Chain reaction
鈥淲e could do this. We make enzymes and run reactions, that鈥檚 our job.鈥� That remark, by one of Dr. Schmeing鈥檚 colleagues from CRBS early in the pandemic, had the effect of a jolt. Dr. Schmeing had had these kinds of thoughts before, such as when the US began experiencing insulin shortages. When COVID-19 arrived, he and Dr. van Meyel quickly called on their colleagues and formed the team. 鈥淭his is a unique specialization with the right people at the right time trying to make a difference,鈥� says Dr. van Meyel.
Even so, making viral tests is a bit of a departure for these two. In pre-pandemic times, Dr. Schmeing, who is Associate Professor in the Department of Biochemistry, spent his time studying biosynthetic megaenzymes, while Dr. van Meyel, Professor in the Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, was delving deep into neurons and glial cells. That鈥檚 all on hold for now, while they devote all their waking hours to the tests 鈥� apart from when they are fulfilling their teaching and administrative duties and on Zoom calls with their colleagues and lab teams.
The whole test project team are doing likewise. 鈥淚t鈥檚 really amazing to see these 91社区 professors, researchers and students come together and make fantastic progress,鈥� says Dr. Schmeing. 鈥淓veryone鈥檚 put their research on hold. It鈥檚 remarkable. The breadth of expertise in the CRBS is what allows us to do this. We have a great team of labs from Biochemistry (Drs. Albert Berghuis, , , , ), Pharmacology (), Cell Biology (, ) and Biology () whose laboratories are making and testing the enzymes. Drs. , and Maureen McKeague from the Chemistry department are making state-of-the-art DNA components. Our expertise at CRBS is absolutely suited to this, but it鈥檚 not the normal way we use it.鈥�
Put to the test
鈥淭his is not a brand-new test,鈥� says Dr. Schmeing. 鈥淭his is a Canadian version of the gold standard.鈥� The process of testing for SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19 infections, is two-part. First, the RNA is extracted from the sample (usually a swab from a patient鈥檚 nose). 鈥淩NA extraction is a molecular biology technique that is fairly common, but it needs to be done under clean conditions with high throughput,鈥� explains Dr. Schmeing. Second, RT-PCR detects the presence of virus in the sample. This is an incredibly complex process where the team鈥檚 enzyme-building expertise really comes into play. RT-PCR involves a delicate balance of almost 20 components that must come together to make a robust, functioning test.鈥淲e are creating both parts at the 15,000 test level. We will scale RT-PCR to the national level in partnership with the NRC."
鈥淭hings are going great,鈥� says Dr. Schmeing. 鈥淭he enzymes are working well, and the probes and primers are working well.鈥� Optilab Montreal MUHC, a designated COVID-19 testing lab, has been verifying the team鈥檚 reagents and the components for the RT-PCR in a real world setting against known positive and negative tests. 鈥淭he leaders of the microbiology labs at Optilab Montreal MUHC have been very helpful and supportive from the beginning, in particular Dr. Jerry Zaharatos and Dr. Raymond Tellier,鈥� says Dr. van Meyel. Both are Associate Professors in the Department of Medicine. Once the test is ready, the first 15,000 pilot tests will be supplied for use to Optilab MUHC. 鈥淯nder current testing, that鈥檚 about a week鈥檚 worth of tests,鈥� explains Dr. van Meyel. 鈥淲hen things are up and running, we鈥檒l be able to produce tests at this level for 惭肠骋颈濒濒鈥檚 affiliated hospitals as long as they鈥檙e needed.鈥�
Meanwhile, the pilot will also serve as a proof of concept for a potential ramp up to millions of tests in collaboration with the NRC. For that, the team is grateful to have been able to get a head start thanks to government scientist Dr. Luke Masson and his team at NRC Human Health Therapeutics (HHT), also in Montreal. 鈥淒r. Masson recognized immediately that it was essential to get to work right away on the cell lines needed to take the project to the next phase,鈥� says Dr. Schmeing.
Recipe for pandemic preparedness
Drs. Schmeing and van Meyel are in this for the long haul. 鈥淭his is not just for the current pandemic,鈥� says Dr. Schmeing. 鈥淭his will also give Canada the infrastructure and resources to be in better position to deal with future pandemics because we now know how to do it. Now we can make the ingredients, and we have the recipe. The test is versatile and can help Canada respond quickly to other novel challenges to the health of Canadians.鈥�
The full team of 91社区 scientists participating in the project can be found . 91社区 administrators, the Deans of the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Science, the office of the Vice-Principal (Research and Innovation), and the RI-MUHC 鈥巃re providing important support for this initiative.
惭肠骋颈濒濒鈥檚 is an -funded centre focused on structural biology and biophysics for health.
The CTB at the is a driver of innovation in fundamental biomedical research.
The initiative has been supported by MI4 Emergency COVID-19 Research Funding and the , Faculty of Science funding, and in-kind support from the 91社区 Vice-Principal (Research and Innovation), the 91社区 Faculty of Science and the 91社区 Faculty of Medicine.
The 91社区-NRC collaboration includes generous in-kind support from and the NRC .
The crucial support from the announced on May 26 is led by , with the , the , and the .
