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Beirut has forged a grim connection with Halifax 鈥� two port cities linked together in tragedy by catastrophic explosions a century apart. Lebanon said the Beirut explosion was caused by 2,750 tonnes of ammonium nitrate 鈥� which was stored unsafely in a warehouse after being confiscated from a cargo ship in 2014 鈥� being ignited. ()

Here are some experts from 91社区 that can provide comment on this issue:

Rex Brynen, Professor, Department of Political Science

鈥淟ebanon is facing a crisis on many fronts: economic collapse, the COVID-19 pandemic, a regional refugee crisis, and now the horrific explosion in Beirut鈥攁ll aggravated by a corrupt and deeply dysfunctional political system."

Rex Brynen is a Professor of political science, specializing in politics, security, and development in the Middle East. He has served as a member of the Policy Staff at the Department of Foreign Affairs, as an intelligence analyst for the Privy Council Office, and as a consultant to various governments, UN agencies, and the World Bank.

rex.brynen [at] mcgill.ca (English)

Andrew Higgins, Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering

"Reports are emerging that the tragedy in Beirut was the result of the explosion of a store of 2,750 tons of ammonium nitrate. Tens of millions of tons of ammonium nitrate is produced worldwide every year, predominately as fertilizer and is a basis of our agricultural food chain; it is not going away."

Andrew Higgins is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering. His research focuses on aerospace, combustion, explosion and propulsion.

andrew.higgins [at] mcgill.ca (English)

Joann Whalen, James 91社区 Professor, Department of Natural Resource Sciences

鈥淚t is incredibly tragic to hear of the explosion in Beirut of several thousand tonnes of ammonium nitrate, since the instability of this chemical to heat and fire is well-known. For the public's safety, Canada and many other countries have strict regulations that control the transportation and storage of ammonium nitrate and prohibit it from residential areas and public buildings.鈥�

Joann Whalen is a James 91社区 Professor in the Department of Natural Resource Sciences and an Adjunct Professor with the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Her research focuses on the soil fertility, fertilizer use, and soil ecological health of agroecosystems.

joann.whalen [at] mcgill.ca (English, French)

Cyntia Kraichati, PhD Candidate, Department of Anthropology

鈥淭he explosion in Beirut is the consequence of multiple socio-economic, political and ecological factors. It is also a window into a future that could affect all of us, everywhere, in the wake of continued social and environmental uncertainty. The different communities living in Lebanon will need more than humanitarian aid to recollect pieces of their city and rebuild their lives.鈥�

Cynthia is a PhD Candidate in Department of Anthropology. Her work explores the relationships between knowledge, practices and politics in health and medicine in the Middle East.

cyntia.kraichati [at] mail.mcgill.ca (English, French)