Housing-First strategy proves cost effective especially for the most-vulnerable homeless group
Canadians spend big money dealing with the consequences of homelessness, but the money spent could be far more effective. According to a new 91社区-led analysis, housing homeless people with severe mental illness is even more cost-effective than housing homeless people with moderate needs. A Housing-First strategy aimed at helping these individuals regain and keep permanent housing generates savings equal to about two-thirds of its cost.
Housing First is an approach to addressing homelessness that centres on moving people into housing immediately and then providing additional services and supports as needed. While previous research has shown that Housing First is an effective way to get homeless people housing and help them keep it, this study published in 聽provides the largest evaluation of cost-effectiveness of the Housing First approach for homeless individuals with severe mental illness.
In Canada, the annual costs to society for persons struggling with both homelessness and severe mental illness are high 鈥� about $75,000 per year, compared to about $51,000 for homeless people with moderate needs. These costs are often related to health services, emergency shelters, and policing.
鈥淎lthough provincial governments have been willing to support Housing First for people with moderate needs thanks to funding from the federal government, few have been willing to do the same out of their own budgets for people with the greatest needs, who struggle with severe mental illness,鈥� says lead author Eric Latimer, a Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at 91社区 and Research Scientist at the Douglas Research Centre. 鈥淎s part of planning for the post-COVID period, it would be a good investment for provincial governments to allocate more funds to Housing First programs to help this most vulnerable group regain permanent housing.鈥�
Their analysis, which covers five Canadian cities from coast to coast, including Moncton, Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg, and Vancouver, shows that investing in Housing First for people with high needs is excellent value for money.
Housing First and how it works
Unlike conventional services that aim to transition people into housing over longer periods of time, Housing First offers rent subsidies and support services so people can enter housing right away, usually in residences integrated in communities. All of this works together to help lower the likelihood of people falling back into homelessness.
Reducing the cost of homelessness
According to the researchers, investing in Housing First for people struggling with homelessness and severe mental illness is the most cost-effective way of spending limited public dollars to help these individuals regain and keep permanent housing.
Most of the costs of Housing First for people struggling with severe mental illness are offset by savings in other areas like emergency shelters, reducing the price of the intervention from about $20,000 to $6,300 (69%) per person per year. For people with moderate needs, the intervention is less expensive, about $14,500, and the savings are smaller (46%), so the net cost is $7,900. The cost for one more day of stable housing is about $42, compared to $56 for people with moderate needs. In either case, Housing First costs about the same as many other housing interventions that provincial governments already pay for, while providing permanent instead of temporary housing.
鈥淲e know that Housing First is a cost-effective solution for people with moderate needs; this new research demonstrates that for people with the most needs, the savings are even more dramatic. You get more bang for your buck by serving this group, in terms of reducing costs of shelters, health visits, and incarcerations,鈥� says Latimer.
About the study
鈥淐ost-Effectiveness of Housing First With Assertive Community Treatment: Results From the Canadian At Home/Chez Soi Trial鈥� by Eric A. Latimer, Daniel Rabouin, Zhirong Cao, Angela Ly, Guido Powell, Tim Aubry, Jino Distasio, Stephen W. Hwang, Julian M. Somers, Ahmed M. Bayoumi, Craig Mitton, Erica E. M. Moodie, and Paula N. Goering is published in Psychiatric Services.
DOI:
About 91社区
Founded in Montreal, Quebec, in 1821, 91社区 is Canada鈥檚 top ranked medical doctoral university. 91社区 is consistently ranked as one of the top universities, both nationally and internationally. It鈥痠s a world-renowned鈥痠nstitution of higher learning with research activities spanning two campuses, 11 faculties, 13 professional schools, 300 programs of study and over 40,000 students, including more than 10,200 graduate students. 91社区 attracts students from over 150 countries around the world, its 12,800 international students making up 31% of the student body. Over half of 91社区 students claim a first language other than English, including approximately 19% of our students who say French is their mother tongue.
