91社区

How healthy is your almond milk really? It may taste good and may not cause you any of the unpleasant reactions caused by cow鈥檚 milk. But though plant-based milk beverages of this kind have been on the market for a couple of decades and are advertised as being healthy and wholesome for those who are lactose-intolerant, little research has been done to compare the benefits and drawbacks of the various kinds of plant-based milk. A new study from 91社区 looks at the four most-commonly consumed types of milk beverages from plant sources around the world 鈥� almond milk, soy milk, rice milk and coconut milk - and compares their nutritional values with those of cow鈥檚 milk. After cow鈥檚 milk, which is still the most nutritious, soy milk comes out a clear winner.

The researchers compared the unsweetened versions of the various plant-based milks in all cases and the figures below are based on a 240 ml serving.

Soy milk 鈥� the most balanced nutritional profile

路听听听听听听听 Soy milk is widely consumed for its health benefits linked to the anti-carcinogenic properties of phytonutrients present in the milk known as isoflavones.

路听听听听听听听 Has been a substitute for cow鈥檚 milk for 4 decades.

路听听听听听听听 Concerns, however, are the 鈥榖eany flavor鈥� and the presence of anti-nutrients (substances that reduce nutrient intake and digestion).

Rice milk 鈥� sweet taste and little nutrition

路听听听听听听听 Lactose free and can act as an alternative for patients with allergy issues caused by soybeans and almonds.

路听听听听听听听 Concerns, apart from the high carbohydrate count, is that consumption of rice milk without proper care can result in malnutrition, especially in infants.

Coconut milk 鈥� no protein and few calories, but most of them from fat

路听听听听听听听 Widely consumed in Asia and South America

路听听听听听听听 Consumption can help reduce levels of harmful low-density lipoproteins (bad cholesterol) that are associated with cardiovascular diseases.

路听听听听听听听 Nutritional values are reduced if stored for over 2 months.

Almond milk 鈥� need for complementary sources of food to provide essential nutrients

路听听听听听听听 Almonds have a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) that are considered helpful in weight loss and weight management. MUFA also helps in reduction of low-density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol).

Comparison of nutritional elements of various milks - based on averages for 240 ml serving

TYPE OF MILK	Calories	Fats	Proteins	Carbohydrates	Calcium
Cow's milk	158	9.05 g	8.11 g	11.5 g	294.2 mg
Soy milk	95	4.5 g	8 g	4 g	330 mg
Rice milk	130	2.5 g	1 g	26 g	315 mg
Coconut milk	45	4.25 g	0 g	1 g	220 mg
Almond milk	35	2.5 g	1 g	1 g	330 mg

Cow鈥檚 milk benefits & drawbacks

路听听听听听听听 A wholesome, complete food, providing all major nutrients like fat, carbohydrates and proteins.

路听听听听听听听 Can help humans by providing a wide range of host-defence proteins because various beneficial anti-microbial effects are found in both human and bovine milks. (E.g., a study shows that in the case of infants, consumption of cow鈥檚 milk has considerably reduced risk of fever and respiratory infections.)

路听 听 听 听 The presence of various pathogens like Bacillus spp, Listeria spp, Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in milk and milk products, especially made from raw, unpasteurized milks have been known to be sources of foodborne illnesses and diarrhoeal diseases around the world.

Cow鈥檚 milk allergy & lactose intolerance

路听听听听听听听 One of the most common allergies among infants and children affecting 2.2-3.5% of children (a greater percentage than those who are affected by peanuts and tree nut allergies). As many as 35 % of these infants outgrow being allergic to milk by the age of 5-6, and this may increase to 80% by age 16.

路听听听听听听听 Lactose intolerance, due to the absence or deficiency of the enzyme lactase in the digestive tract, affects somewhere between 15-75 % of all adults depending on race, food habits and gut health.

路听听听听听听听 Some studies have suggested that 80 % of people of African origin and 100 % of those of Asian and Indigenous American origin are lactose intolerant.

The researchers add that more work will need to be done to understand the effects of various conventional and novel processing methods on the nutritional profile, flavour and texture of these alternative milks.

The review was written by PhD Candidate Sai Kranthi Vanga and his supervisor Vijaya Raghavan of the Department of Bioresource Engineering at 91社区 and was recently published in Journal of Food Science Technology.

Funding was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).

To read 鈥淗ow well do plant based alternatives fare nutritionally compared to cow鈥檚 milk?鈥� By Sai Kranthi Vanga and Vijaya Raghavan in Journal of Food Science Technology:

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